List of wars involving Albania: Difference between revisions

• Dissolution of the First Bulgarian Empire
• Byzantium re-establishes control over Bulgaria and much of the Balkan Peninsula, Pechenegs settle in Wallachia

• Rebels Capture the region of Mesembria
• During the revolt Leka kills Michael, bishop of Serdica (Sofia)
• As the new Emperor Nikephoros III Botaneiates organized an army to send against the Rebels, they accepted the rule of the emperor and were given many gifts and privileges.

• Arbanon rebels initially defeat Nicaean forces
• Nicaean forces manage to control the situation despite heavy losses in 1259
• Albanian nobles rebel again in 1260–1270 in Durrës

• Albanian nobility and forces

• The Anjou were largely expelled from Albania (1281) by a coalition of Byzantines and local Albanian forces, only durrazo and Aulon remain under Angevin rule.
• Andrea I Muzaka establishes a de facto independent territorial rule, which later included the Myzeqe area west of Berat between the Devoll and the Vjosa

• Revolt was easily put down

• In alliance with the Byzantines, Muzaka withstood the Serbs who, under King Stefan Uroš II Milutin, attacked Albania from the north

• Kantakouzenos victory
• John VI Kantakouzenos defeats regents
• Recognized as senior emperor
• Serbia gained Macedonia and Albania, and soon after Epirus and Thessaly, establishing the Serbian Empire
• Bulgaria gains northern Thrace

(1336-1355)

Principality of Muzaka Gropa family Albanian Thopia family

Serbian Empire (1346-1355)

• In 1336, Stefan Dušan invaded and captured Angevin-controlled Durazzo. He was later defeated in that year by the Angevins, who recaptured Durazzo.^[2]
• In 1340, a Serbian Army is defeated by Andrea II Muzaka near the Pelister mountain. The Serbian invasion of Albania was temporarily halted.^[2]
• Tanusio Thopia have defended Durazzo from the Serbian empire.^[3] (date unknown)
• Stefan Dušan continues his expansion into Albania, in 1343–1345, captures Kanina and Valona. However, he fails to subdue southern Albania, only manages to obtain nominal submission.^[2]
• In 1350, Muzaka captures Berat by defeating the forces of Stefan Dušan.^[4]
• In 1355 after the death of Stefan Dušan, a Serbian Army was defeated by Karl Thopia in the Battle of Acheloos.^[5] After the Battle, Karl Thopia establishes the Principality of Albania, and gained independence from Serbian rule.
• Andrea II Muzaka expels newly settled Serbians from Albania^[6]

• Kingdom of Albania

• Most of the territory of the Kingdom of Albania other than Durrës is captured by the Thopia family from the Anjou between 1358 and 1362.
• First Siege of Durrës from April 1362 to May 1363 by the Albanians fails.
• Second Siege of Durrës from 1367 to 1368 leads to the Thopia's taking Durrës.

• An Epirote invasion force is badly defeated by the Albanians at the Battle of Achelous and the Epirote leader, Nikephoros II Orsini, is killed.
• Albanians invade Epirus. Pjetër Losha forms the Despotate of Arta and Gjin Bua Shpata forms the Despotate of Angelokastron and Lepanto.
• Serbs take control of the rest of Epirus.

• Despotate of Arta

Albanian Mazaraki Tribe
Albanian Malakasi Tribe

• Albanian forces with support from Aromanian tribes besiege and attack Ioannina from 1367 to 1370.^[7]
• An agreement is made where the daughter, Irene, of the ruler of Epirus, Thomas Preljubović marries the son, Gjin, of the ruler of Arta, Pjetër Losha. This ends the siege.

(1369)

• Andrea Muzaka defeated king Vukasin in battle of Pelister
• King Vukasin was taken as prisoner
• Byzantine Emperor John V Palaiologos presented Andrea II with the imperial emblem, and granted him the title of "despot of Epirus".

• In 1370, Karl Thopia launches an invasion on the dominions of the Muzaka family and successfully captures the territory between the Shkumbin and Seman rivers. As a result, the territory of Thopia expands, stretching from the Mat river to Seman, reaching its maximum extent.

• Albanian forces under Andrea II Muzaka and Andrea Gropa defeat Serbian forces of King Marko and greatly expand their Principalities.

• Albanian forces under Gjin Bua Shpata defeat forces under Thomas Preljubović and ravaged the countryside of Ioannina, but fail to capture the city.
• An agreement is made where the sister, Helena, of the ruler of Epirus, Thomas Preljubović marries Gjin Bua Shpata.

• Knights Hospitaller fail to capture Arta.
• The Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller, Juan Fernández was captured in the battle by Gjin Bua Shpata and was sold by Shpata to the Ottoman Turks for a huge prize.

• Preljubović, leader of Epirus, appealed for help from the Ottomans and Frank's who provide the Epirotes with an auxiliary force.
• Thomas Preljubović uses his new auxiliary to good use by capturing many fortresses in the Despotate of Arta, but Albanians under Gjon Shpata, together with the Mazarakii tribe held their defensive positions and ultimately defeated Thomas once again.

Ottoman Empire

• Zetan forces under Balša II capture the Princedom's capital, Durrës.
• In 1385 Zetan Forces are defeated by Thopia with help of Ottoman forces in the Battle of Savra.
• Thopia recaptures capital of Durrës and reestablished the Princedom of Albania.

• Albanians besiege Ioannina.
• Shpata withdraws due to strong city defences. The two sides later negotiate peace.

• Albanians under Gjon Zenebishi successfully capture the fortress of Gjirokastër.
• The Principality of Gjirokastër is declared.

• Nichole Zaharia revolted against Balšić and became ruler of Budva in 1386
• Budva was recaptured by Balšić in 1389

• Pal I Dukagjini and Lek I Dukagjini defeat Zetan Forces and declare the Principality of Dukagjini.^[9]

The Albanian nobility that fought under the command of Prince Lazar:^[10][11]
Principality of Muzaka
Jonima Family
Gropa family
Dukagjini Family
Kastrioti family

• Tactical draw
• Mutual heavy losses

• Albanian and Aromanian forces are defeated in four battles against Epirote, Thessalian and Ottoman forces around Jannina.
• Albanian forces withdraw into the surrounding mountains. Peace lasts from 1391–1394.

• Venice invades and successfully captures Durrës from the Princedom.

• Bosnians Under Sandalj Hranić Kosača Invade Zeta
• Zetan Forces Under Gjergj Balsha II Retake all the lands from Budva to Spič as well as the Churchland of Saint Miholj in the Bay of Kotor

Lordship of Zeta

• In 1392, Forces under Niketa Thopia capture Krujë from his cousin, Helena.
• Helena regains Krujë but is again defeated by Niketa Thopia in 1403 and forced to seek refuge in Zeta.

• Principality of Gjirokastër

• Epirote forces led by Esau de' Buondelmonti invade Zenebishi territory in 1399, but are routed in battle by the Albanians and Esau is captured.
• Esau is released after a large ransom is paid in 1400, ending the war.

• Forces under Vonko invade and capture Arta, expelling Skurra Bua Shpata.
• Muriq Shpata's forces drive Vonko out of Arta and take control of the city. Skurra maintains control of Angelokastron.

1403–1407:
Despotate of Arta

• Forces loyal to Pal Shpata
• Forces loyal to Maurice Shpata

Ottoman Empire (1406 only)
1407–1408:
Despotate of Arta (supported by Muriq Shpata)

• Carlo I Tocco invades Skurra Bua Shpata's area of the Despotate of Arta.
• Muriq reinforces Skurra but the latter is killed in battle by the Epirotes in 1403.
• Skurras' son, Pal, seeks Ottoman aid, ceding Angelokastron to the Ottoman Empire. However, only a small Ottoman contingent is sent which is defeated in battle in 1406.
• Pal retreats from most of his areas the same year and cedes Naupaktos to Venice in 1407.
• Tocco captures Angelokastron from the Ottomans in 1408.
• A Tocco attack against the city of Arta is repelled by Albanians under Muriq in 1408.

(1402-1413)

• Most of the mainland territories across from the Venetian possession of Corfu were taken.

• A local rebellion breaks out in the Shkodër area in early 1405. The Balšići intervene in favour of the rebels and capture all of the region including Drivast, but fail to capture Rozafa Castle in Shkodër.
• The Venetians retake Drivast in August 1405, followed by the Zetan coastal towns of Bar, Ulcinj and Budva.
• Peace is negotiated in 1409 however the Venetians broke the peace agreement shortly afterwards, resulting in the Zetans resuming war in early 1410. Shkodër is besieged.
• Peace is made in early 1413 although both sides are unsatisfied.

• Princedom of Albania

• Muzaka Lordship

• Forces under Niketa Thopia are heavily defeated during a skirmish with forces under Theodor Corona Musachi.
• Niketa Thopia is captured, and only released after ceding territory around the Shkumbin River to the Muzaka family.

• Principality of Gjirokastër

Albanian Shpata Family

• Despotate of Arta

• Albanians invade Epirus following the expulsion of Eudocia Balsic from Ioannina and the establishment of Carolo Tocco.^[14]
• Epirote forces are defeated in battle, however Albanian forces fail to take Ioannina.

• Principality of Gjirokastër

• Ottomans conquer the territory of the Principality.
• Ruler of the Principality, Gjon Zenebishi, goes into exile in Corfu.

• Albanian Tribal Uprising along with an invasion by Gjon Zenebishi's forces retakes lost territory.
• The Principality of Gjirokastër is restored.

• The Shpata's suffer defeat at a battle near Nicopolis.
• Jakob Bua Shpata, ruler of the Despotate of Arta, is killed in an ambush at Bompliana in October 1416.
• Following the death of Jakob Epirote forces successfully invade and annex the territory previously under control by Shpata clan.^[15]

• Principality of Gjirokastër

• Ottomans successfully besiege Gjirokastër and reconquer the territory of the Principality.
• Ruler of the Principality, Depë Zenebishi, goes into exile in Corfu.

• Dukagjini Family
• Kastrioti family
• Humoj family
• Zaharia family

• Venice captured Ulcinj, Grbalj, and territory of Paštrovići, with Kotor deciding to accept Venetian suzerainty
• Serbian Despotate captured Drivast and returned its suzerainty over Bar, Budva, and Luštica

• Arianiti family
• Thopia family
• Kastrioti family (until Summer 1433)
• Zenebishi family (from Late 1432)
• Dukagjini family (from Summer 1433)

Support:
Venice

• Albanian rebels led by Andrea Thopia attack Ottomans in Central Albania in 1432, beginning the revolt. Krujë is unsuccessfully besieged.
• Rebels capture Vlorë in May 1432. An Ottoman invasion force of 10,000 men is defeated in the Winter of 1432 by forces of Gjergj Arianiti at the Central valley of the Shkumbin.
• Depë Zenebishi joins the revolt in late 1432, capturing Këlcyrë, Zagorie and Pogon that year.
• Zenebishi's forces besiege Gjirokastër, the capital of the Sanjak of Albania, between late 1432 until early 1433 but are defeated by the Ottomans.
• Ottoman forces pillage Kanina and Yannina in the Summer of 1433 and then invade Gjon Kastrioti's lands, bringing him out of the war.
• Nikollë Dukagjini rebels in Summer 1433 and captures areas of the former Principality of Dukagjini including Dagnum.
• Zenebishi's forces besiege Kanina.
• Ottomans recapture Vlorë in May 1434.
• A second Ottoman invasion force is defeated, again by Gjergj Arianiti, in South-Central Albania, August 1434.
• With Venetian aid, Ottomans take back Dagnum in 1435.
• A third Ottoman invasion force is defeated by Gjergj Arianiti in April 1435, ending hostilities until 1436.
• Attempts are made to ally the Albanian rebels with the Holy Roman Empire by Sigismund, however talks end when a fourth Ottoman invasion force subdues Albania in mid-1436, committing massacres against the civilian population and defeating the un-unified rebel forces.

• Muzaka family

• Albanians led by Theodor Corona Musachi rise up in the area of Berat.
• The Ottomans crush the revolt.

1444–46:
League of Lezhë

1446–50:
League of Lezhë
Angevin Kingdom of Naples

• State of Arianiti

1450–51:
Albanians under Skanderbeg
Muzaka Lordship

Angevin Kingdom of Naples

• State of Arianiti

1451–54:
Angevin Kingdom of Naples

• Principality of Kastrioti
• State of Arianiti
• Muzaka Lordship

1454–56:
Angevin Kingdom of Naples

• Principality of Kastrioti
• Principality of Dukagjini

Muzaka Lordship

1456–68:
Angevin Kingdom of Naples

• Principality of Kastrioti
• Principality of Dukagjini
• Muzaka Lordship

Republic of Venice

• State of Arianiti

1468–78:
Angevin Kingdom of Naples

• Principality of Kastrioti
• Principality of Dukagjini

1478–79:
Angevin Kingdom of Naples

• Principality of Dukagjini

Republic of Venice

• State of Arianiti
• Albanian resistance forces

Lordship of Zeta (Siege of Shkodra only)

• Muzaka Lordship

1444–46:
Ottoman Empire

1446–50:
Ottoman Empire

1450–51:
Ottoman Empire
Principality of Dukagjini
State of Arianiti

1451–54:
Ottoman Empire

• Principality of Dukagjini

1454–56:
Ottoman Empire

• State of Arianiti

1456–68:
Ottoman Empire

1468–78:
Ottoman Empire

• Muzaka Lordship

1478–79:
Ottoman Empire

• Muzaka Lordship

• The Ottomans are defeated in numerous battles by the Albanians, mostly under Skanderbeg.
• Albanian resistance weakens following the death of Skanderbeg in 1468.
• Krujë falls in 1478 after three previous failed sieges in 1450, 1466 and 1467.
• Shkodër falls in 1479.

• Humoj Family
• Vulkuta's Forces
• Ugrin's Forces
• Zapa Family
• Pedantari Family
• Moneta Family
• Malonši Family
• Sornja's Forces

Ottoman Empire

• Albanians besiege Dagnum and Durazzo in December.
• Ottomans invade Albania and besiege Svetigrad in May.
• Albanian victory at the Battle of the River Drin in July. Scutari is besieged.
• Balec is garrisoned by the Albanians but a Venetian offensive retakes and burns down the fortress. An Albanian assault against a Venetian fortress by Hamza Kastrioti is defeated.
• Svetigrad falls to the Ottomans in late July.
• Ottoman invasion repelled at the First Battle of Oranik in August.
• With Durazzo, Scutari, and Dagnum close to surrender, Venetians make peace in October.
• Venice keeps Dagnum and cedes all territory on the Albanian side of the Drin to the League. Venice also pays Skanderbeg a lifetime pension and provides trade privileges to the Arianiti.

• The Albanian army under Skanderbeg was delayed from Reaching The Battle of Kosovo (1448) as it was prevented from linking with Hunyadi's army by the Ottomans and Serbian despot Đurađ Branković.^[16][17]
• As a Result Skanderbeg Burned And Pillaged Serbia From Pirot to Belgrade, burning dozens of Serbian towns and cities.^{[18][19][20][21][22]}

• Ferdinand regains most of his lost territories

• Albanian forces under Nicholas Pal Dukagjini and Lekë Dukagjini land on the north Albanian coastline in early Summer 1481, sparking rebellion in former Dukagjini territories. Lezhë and Shkodër are attacked, forcing Ottomans to send reinforcements.
• Meanwhile, Gjon Kastrioti II lands in Durrës, gathering support from 7,000 Albanian infantrymen, and his cousin Konstandin Muzaka lands in the coastal region around Himara. Rebellion breaks out in Central and Southern Albania.
• Forces under Gjon Kastrioti defeat a force of 2,000 to 3,000 Ottomans in August 1481 and capture Himara and Borsh Castle.
• Rebellion in Northern, Central and Southern Albania prevents Ottomans from sending reinforcements to Italy, resulting in Otranto being recaptured by Christian forces in September 1481.
• The rebellions are eventually crushed, and Gjon Kastrioti retreats to Italy in 1484.

• Forces under Ivan Crnojević land near Dubrovnik following the breakout of an Ottoman civil war.
• With aid from Zetan rebels and Albanian forces led by Gjon Kastrioti II, Ivan Crnojević re-establishes the Principality of Zeta.

Dukagjini Family

• Rebellion breaks out in Northern Albania. Following this forces under Progon Dukagjini land in Albania from Italy, in an attempt to restore the Principality of Dukagjini.
• The rebels are defeated by the Ottomans. Progon Dukagjini agree to stop fighting in return for gaining control over Rumelia (as an Ottoman pasha) and some of the Dukagjini territories in Albania (as timar).

(1515)

• Mirdita Rebels defeat Ottoman Forces.
• Mirdita Rebels declare the Principality of Mirdita.
• Principality is recognized by the Ottoman Empire as an autonomous province.

• Ottomans destroyed or captured many surrounding villages
• Ottomans didn't manage to subdue the area
• Ottomans gave them a series of privileges: local self-government, the right to bear arms, exemption from taxes, the right to sail under their own flag into any Ottoman port and to provide military service in time of war.

• 6000 armed warriors caused considerable damge in their continuous incursion

• Alliance of Kelmendi

• Albanian Kelmendi Tribe
• Albanian Hoti Tribe
• Albanian Gruda Tribe
• Albanian Kuči Tribe
• Albanian Vasojevići Tribe
• Albanian Bratonožići Tribe
• Albanian Piperi Tribe

Republic of Venice

(1685)

• Sanjak of Scutari
• Shkodran Albanians
• Brđani Tribe

Support:

Republic of Venice

• Süleyman bey Bushati defeats Montenegrin Forces in the Battle of Vrtijeljka.
• Shkodran Forces invade Montenegro.
• Cetinje is captured.

Bushati family

• Sanjak of Scutari
• Shkodran Albanians

• Albanian Kelmendi Tribe
• Serbo-Albanian Kuči Tribe
• Serbian Piperi Tribe

• Shkodran forces are defeated in two separate battles.
• The area of Medun along with supplies are captured.

Albanian forces

• Pjeter Bogdani organized a resistance against the Ottomans and a pro-Austrian movement in Kosovo in 1689 that included Muslim and Christian Albanians.
• Pjetër Bogdani contributed a force of 6,000 Albanian soldiers to the Austrian army which had arrived in Pristina and accompanied it to capture Prizren.
• It reported that the "Germans" in Kosovo had made contact with 20,000 Albanians who had turned their weapons against the Turks.

(1692)

• Sanjak of Scutari
• Shkodran Albanians
• Brđani Tribe

Republic of Venice

• Süleyman bey Bushati enters Cetinje.
• Shkodran Forces invade Montenegro.
• Venetian Forces are pushed out of Montenegro.

• Albanian Hoti Tribe
• Albanian Kuči Tribe

(1770)

Pashalik of Scutari

Greek revolutionaries

• Albanians under Mehmed Pasha Bushati crush Greek revolt and commit atrocities all over Greece.

• Albanian Shkodran forces under Kara Mahmud Pasha invade Ulcinj and defeat Montenegrin forces.^[23]

• Serbo-Albanian Kuči Tribe
• Serbian Bjelopavlići Tribe

• The Brda tribes repulse the invasion by forces under the Bushati family.

Pashalik of Yanina

• Shkodran forces recapture the Sanjak of Durrës

• Montenegrin Nikšići tribe
• Montenegrin Paštrovići tribe
• Montenegrin Bjelice tribe

• Albanian Shkodran forces under Kara Mahmud Pasha invade Montenegro.
• Albanian forces pass through the territories of the Nikšići, Paštrovići and Bjelice.
• The Montenegrin coastline is reached and Cetinje is burnt down.

• Pashalik of Yanina
• Bosnia eyalet
• Rumelia Eyalet

• Pashalik of Scutari loses large parts of its territories held outside of the Sanjak of Scutari
• Ottomans fail to overthrow Kara Mahmud Pasha, after decisive defeat in the Siege of Shkodra
• Outbreak of the Russo-Turkish War in 1787 and the Austro-Turkish War in 1788 forces Ottoman Authorities to withdraw from further Operations against Kara Mahmud Pasha
• After Imperial pardon Kara Mahmud Pasha joins the Ottomans against the Austrians in the Austro-Turkish War

• Souliote forces defeat Ali Pasha

• Pashalik of Scutari
• Shkodran Albanians

• Serbo-Albanian Kuči Tribe
• Serbian Rovčani Tribe

• Kara Mahmud Pasha invades devastates the Serbo-Albanian Kuči Tribe and Serbian Rovčani Tribe.^[24]

(1795)

• In 1795 Kara Mahmud Pasha conquered parts of Southern Albania and much of Kosovo.^[25]
• Kara Mahmud Pasha defeated Ottoman forces in Prizren and annexed the Sanjak by installing his own nephew as governor of the sanjak.^[25]
• Ottomans besieged Shkodra and retreated after being defeated by Kara Mahmud Pasha, then returned but again failed to complete the siege.

• Serbian Piperi Tribe
• Serbian Bjelopavlići Tribe

• Shkodran forces march into Montenegro northwards in 1796 but are defeated at the Battle of Martinići, near modern-day Gornji Martinići, 3.5 km north of Spuž.
• Lješkopolje is taken by the Albanians as forces under Bushati prepares to raid Cetinje.
• Shkodran Albanians are intercepted and engage the Montenegrin at Battle of Krusi, suffering defeat. The leader of the Shkodran Albanians, Kara Mahmud Pasha, is killed.
• Shkodran forces fall back to Podgorica, within Ottoman territory.

(18–25 October 1798)

• Albanian bashi-bazouks

• Albanian Forces defeat French Forces.
• On The 25th October général de brigade Nicolas Grégoire Aulmont de Verrières [fr] Ordered The Destruction of fortifications and The evacuation of Remaining french Forces and Greek inhabitants of the town to Corfu.

(1798)

• Albanian bashi-bazouks

Greek Volunteers

• Albanian Forces defeat French Forces and Greek volunteers.
• Albanian Forces capture Preveza

• Turkish bashi-bazouks
• Ottoman army
• Ottoman navy
• Mamluks loyal to al-Alfi (February 1804)
  Mamluk beys (March 1804 – March 1811)
  Albanian bashi-bazouk deserters

• Albanian Forces defeat Mamluks and Ottomans in numerous battles.
• Albanian Forces capture Cairo.
• Muhammad Ali Pasha becomes gouverneur of Egypt.

(1804-1813)

• Pashalik of Scutari
• Pashalik of Yanina

Support:

Russian Empire

• Ibrahim Bushati crushes the revolt.
• Revolt is suppressed

(1808)

• Ali Pasha successfully invade the Pashalik of Berat

(1820–22)

• Ottomans successfully besiege Yanina.
• Ali Pasha is killed and the Pashalik of Yanina is dissolved.

• Albanian Forces Turkish-speaking Forces and boudin forces

• Muhammed ali estabilshed his rule over Sudan

(1821)

 

• Wallachian Divan (conservative)
• Arnauts

• Filiki Eteria
• Sacred Band
• Arnauts

 

• Danubian Sich
• Arnauts

 

• Moldavian insurgents

• Pashalik of Scutari
• Shkodran Albanians
• Forces loyal to North Albanian Pasha's
• Sanjak of Berat
• Sanjak of Ohrid
• Sanjak of Elbasan

Financial Support:
Principality of Serbia
Vocal Support:
Bosnia Eyalet
Egypt Eyalet under Muhammad Ali

• The Ottomans demand that Mustafa Bushati, leader of the Pahsalik of Scutari, hand over the districts of Dukakin, Debar, Elbasan, Ohrid and Trgovište.
• Bushati refuses and, with support from Serbia, invades Ottoman lands in Europe, taking Prizren and Skopje followed by Sofia in mid-March.
• Ottomans besiege Shkodër in April and the rebels are defeated at Skopje in May. Bushati withdraws from Prizren and Skopje to defend Shkodër. After a 6-month siege, Bushati surrenders Shkodër in November, ending the war.
• The Pashalik of Scutari is dissolved.

(1831-1833)

Albanian bashi-bazouks

• Muhammad Ali Pasha defeats Ottomans in several battles.
• provinces of Greater Syria are granted to Muhammad Ali Pasha.

and Albanian tribes: Hoti Kastrati Gruda and Kelmendi

• Ottomans were defeated on the Hoti Mountain

• Revolts begin in protest to new Ottoman reforms in Albania.
• Following this, many revolts follow in the coming decades.

• Shkodër is captured by the Rebels.
• Ottomans unsuccessfully besiege Shkodër for three months.
• The Ottomans give in to Albanian demands.
• Violations of agreements by the Ottomans in 1835 starts another revolt.

• Large areas of Southern Albania are captured by the Rebels, including the Castle of Berat.
• The Ottomans give in to Albanian demands.

• Berat is captured by the Rebels after two months of siege.
• The Ottomans give in to Albanian demands in January 1835 following the fall of Berat.
• Agreements of peace are violated by the Ottomans later in 1835, starting another revolt.

• Rebels march against Ioannina.
• Ottoman reinforcements force the Rebels to retreat.

• Rebellion is suppressed.

• Large areas of North Albania rise up in revolt, with Shkodër besieged and the rebels defeat the Ottomans in battle.
• Albanian reinforcements to the Shkodrans are sent from Postribe, Kosovo, Malësia, Ulqin (now Ulcinj), Podgorica, Mirditë, Mat and Dibra.
• Ottoman forces are defeated in battle by the insurgents in July.
• Ottomans trick many rebels into withdrawing through a false ceasefire, and successfully capture Lezhë in order to relieve Shkodër.
• Ottomans carry out Albanian demands in order to calm the situation.

• Albanian rebellion in Vlora is suppressed.

• Rebellion in Mat is suppressed.

• Rebel victory at the Battle of Berat.
• Rebel defeat at the Battle of Frakulla.
• Local leaders captured and rebellion in Myzeqe is suppressed.

• Gjakova, Pejë, Plava, Gucia are captured by the rebels but then retaken by the Ottomans.

• Upper and Lower Dibër are captured by the rebels.
• Ottomans meet rebel demands.

• Berat is besieged and the rebellion spreads to the Sanjak of Vlora.
• Ottomans meet Albanian demands.

• Prizren is captured by rebels in protest of new reforms.
• Ottomans drop reforms and the revolt ends.

(1839-1841)

Albanian bashi-bazouks

Spanish Empire Kingdom of France

 British Empire

Austrian Empire

Russian Empire

Prussia

• Ottomans defeat Egyptian Forces.
• Egypt drops Claims on Greater Syria.
• Muhammad Ali Pasha is recognized as Ruler of Egypt by Britain.

• Albanians under Dervish Cara capture large areas in northern Albania, Kosovo and Macedonia.
• Ottomans promise Albanian autonomy but then launch an invasion, retaking areas and suppressing the rebellion, aided by Catholic Mirdita tribesmen under Bibë Dodë.

• Ottoman Pyrrhic victory in the Battle of Gjuricë.
• Rebellion defeated but some rebel demands met.

• Rebels capture areas in northern Albania, Kosovo and Macedonia.
• Ottomans with Albanian and Serbian irregulars retake areas and end the revolt.

• Rebels defeat the Ottomans in four separate battles and besiege the castles of Berat and Gjirokastër. Large areas of Southern Albania are captured.
• Ottomans organise a false amnesty, in which many of the rebel leaders are captured.
• Ottomans lift the sieges and areas are retaken.

• Serbian Piperi Tribe
• Serbo-Albanian Kuči Tribe
• Serbian Bjelopavlići Tribe

Crmnica Tribes

• Following a poor harvest and increased centralisation by the Montenegrin Prince, tribes in Brda and Crmnica rise up and attempt to secede from Montenegro.
• The rebellion is quickly crushed and the ringleaders shot.

• After heavy fighting, they managed to defeat the Ottoman forces and expel them from the Highlands.

• Rebels raid Dodë's property Kallmet and take control of the road connecting Shkodër to Prizren.
• Dodë calls in Ottoman forces who crush the uprising.

(1878)

• Abdullah Pasha Dreni and Mehmed Ali Pasha were killed. In total, around 280 were killed and 300 were wounded during the battle.^[30]

• Montenegrin victory at the First Battle of Velika.
• Albanian victories at the Second Battle of Velika, Battle of Murino and the Battle of Novšiće.
• Montenegro drops claims to Plav and Gusinje and instead Ulcinj is ceded to Montenegro by the Ottomans.
• As a result of the secession of Ulcinj to Montenegro, the League of Prizren Secessionist War breaks out in 1880.

Support:

The Great Powers
Principality of Montenegro

• League of Prizren captures areas of Kosovo and prevents Montenegrin annexation of Ulcinj.
• Great Powers blockade Ulcinj and request the Ottomans "to pacify" the League.
• Ottoman forces take Prizren, dismantle the League and deport the leaders of the League from Kosovo. They then invade Ulcinj and deliver it to Montenegro.

 

• Albanian volunteers

• Italian volunteers
• Armenian volunteers^[31]

• Small parts of Thessaly ceded to the Ottoman Empire^[32]

• Sulejman Aga led 5,000-6,000 Albanian fighters who gathered outside of Gjakova and attacked the garrison in attempt to enter the city.
• The Ottomans enforced heavy taxes to the locals, the hostilities were accompanied by forcible tax collection and the destruction of entire villages in the Gjakova region.
• Ottomans sent a total of 28 battalions which were accompanied by artillery.
• More than 900 Ottoman soldiers died as well as 2 bimbashis and a dozen officers, the Albanians suffered only 170 dead or wounded.

• Rebellion crushed.
• Albanian clans retreat to Montenegro.

• Areas of the Kosovo Vilayet captured by the Rebels are partially retaken by the Ottomans.
• Ottomans invade Shkodër and Dibran territories, including Debre.
• Rebellion suppressed.
• Rebels limited to the highlands.

• Albanian victory in the Battle of Deçiq.
• Compromise reached afterwards ending the revolt.

• Albanian Rebels capture Üsküp and all of the Kosovo Vilayet, large parts of the Scutari Vilayet and Dibër (Debar) in the Monastir Vilayet.
• Ottomans agree to Albanian demands, including the formation of the Albanian Vilayet. However the outbreak of the First Balkan War prevents this vilayet from de facto forming.

Kingdom of Greece

• Rebellion suppressed.

• The International Gendarmerie Raid Vlorë on 7–8 January 1914, discovering more than 200 Ottoman troops and arrest Bekir Fikri
• Bekir Fikri Is Condemned to death but is later commuted to life imprisonment

• Northern Epirotes take control over large parts of Southern Albania (Northern Epirus).
• Greek forces withdraw from Northern Epirus and the Greek government stays neutral against this revolution.^[33]
• Albania unsuccessfully tried to regain control of Northern Epirus.
• The Protocol of Corfu ends hostilities and gives Northern Epirus autonomy inside of Albania.

• Essad Pasha Toptani takes over large parts of Central Albania and forms a new state.
• Toptani's invasion of Elbasan is repelled. Dutch forces shell Toptani's house, forcing his surrender.
• Toptani is deported to Italy but the revolt continues.
• Muslim Rebels defeat Dutch-Mirdita Catholic forces at the Battle of Shijak.
• Muslim Rebels capture Berat and Vlora
• Durrës is besieged.
• The Senate of Central Albania formed.
• Toptani invades and captures Central Albania and Dibër with Italian and Serb support and reforms the Republic of Central Albania.
• Durrës is captured by Toptani unopposed.

Republic of Central Albania

• Northern Epirotes capture Berat from the Republic of Central Albania.
• Greece invades Southern Albania in October.

• Italy occupies Sazan Island and Vlorë.

• Austria-Hungary, with assistance from Albanian guerrillas, defeats Italian forces and takes Tirana and Durrës.
• The Republic of Central Albania is conquered, and a defensive line is set up in the south of Albania along the Vjosa river.^[34]

Kingdom of Italy
French Third Republic

• Autonomous Albanian Republic of Korçë

Kingdom of Greece

• Autonomous Albanian Republic of Korçë

• In late 1917 France sought to hand Korçë over to the Greeks. In response, Sali Butka gathered a force of 20,000, surrounded Korçë yet again and sent the French forces an ultimatum. Korçë was once again handed over to the Albanians.

• Yugoslav forces quell rebellion in the Drenica/Dukagjini area.
• Neutral zone of Junik is established in 1921 and Drenica occupied by Kachak rebels.
• Yugoslav Forces invade the Neutral Zone of Junik and Drenica in 1921 but are pushed back by Kachak rebels under Azem Galica.
• Albania under Ahmet Zogu invades territories held by Kosovar Albanian Kachaks in 1923 and cedes the Neutral Zone of Junik and Drenica to Yugoslavia.
• Azem Galica leads a large uprising in Kosovo and Dukagjin which is eventually quelled by the Yugoslav Army.
• Azem Galica is killed in battle.

(1920-1921)

• Yugoslav Forces capture parts of Shkodra but are pushed back by Albanian Rebels.^[35][36]
• Yugoslav Forces invade tribal regions of Kelmendi, Kastrati, Shkrel and Koplik but are forced to retreat back to Montenegro^[35][36]

• Italian protectorate over Albania

• Rebellion across Albania limits Italian control to the city of Vlora.
• Rebels storm Vlora, forcing Italian retreat to Sazan and Italy.
• All Italian-controlled territory in Albania is regained, excluding Sazan.

Greek volunteers

• Yugoslav forces fail to invade Albania
• Albanians capture Peshkopi and Dibra
• After heavy pressure Albanians are forced to retreat

Kingdom of Greece
Republic of Mirdita

• Yugoslav Forces invade Albania but are forced to retreat due to Albanian resistance and pressure of the League of Nations.

• Kachaks capture parts of north-eastern Tirana.
• British diplomat Harry Eyres convinces the Kachaks to retreat to Dibër and Kosovo.

• Kachak offensive into northern Albania captures areas in the Has and Tropojë districts.
• Albanian offensives pushes the Kachaks back into Kosovo and captures Junik.
• The Neutral Zone of Junik in Kosovo is ceded by Albania to Yugoslavia.
• Resistance against Yugoslav annexation causes the Drenica-Junik Uprising.

• Fan Noli becomes the head of the state and prime minister of Albania
• Ahmet Zogu flees to Yugoslavia

• Royal Yugoslav Army
• Russian White émigré

• Fan Noli is ousted from power.
• Ahmet Zogu forms the Albanian Republic and is made dictator.
• Zogu's forces assassinate the leadership of the Committee for the National Defence of Kosovo.

• Italian occupation of Albania

• Italian Albania

• Greek tactical victory, strategic stalemate.
• German intervention in 1941 with eventual Greek surrender.

(1941)

• Italian Albania
• Italian governorate of Montenegro

Montenegrin Chetniks

• Yugoslav Partisans are defeated in the Battle of Pljevlja by Italian and Albanian Forces
• Uprising is suppressed

(1941-1944)

• Balli Kombëtar

German Albania (From 1943)

• Balli Kombëtar
• Second League of Prizren

• Northern Epirus Liberation Front

• Northern Epirus Liberation Front defeated and completely destroyed by Balli Kombëtar.
• Thousands of Greeks killed and send to concentration camps by Balli Kombëtar.
• Ballist Occupation of Chameria^[37]

Second League of Prizren

Montenegrin Chetniks

• Balli Kombëtar capture Karadak region, the Presevo Valley and Kumanovo.

• Italian Albania

Nazi Germany (From 1943)

• German Albania

Balli Kombëtar (From 1943)
Second League of Prizren (From 1943)

• Liberation of Albania from Axis occupation.
• Balli Kombëtar defeated.
• Albania becomes a Communist state.

• Albanian Military victory
• Albania pays compensations to Britain

• DSE

NOF partisans
Supported by:
SAlbania
Socialist Yugoslavia

 

• Hellenic Army

Supported by:
 United Kingdom
 United States (after 1947)

• Communist forces defeated.

• Operation failed